Importance Of Transformer In Field Of Electricity
The electric power now a days has become the necessity of people. Every consumers of any category such as commercial, residential etc needs electric power. So it has become duty of the government to generate electric power and transmit it to the consumers safely and satisfactorily.
The development of a state depends upon its industry, its business and other such options which plays a vital role in increasing the per capita income. But parallel to other needs of industry electricity is also a need. No machine can run without it. Similarly, now a days computer has become the part of every business office. It needs too electric power. So if it does not get electric power at appropriate level it will not work and the smoothness business ends.
Different types of consumers needs different voltage levels of electric current. For example a commercial consumer may need a voltage level of 11 kv or 440 v or 6.6 KV while a residential consumer needs power at level of 240 V.
For serving different consumers we cannot give supply to them from different generating stations generating power at different levels. It is not convenient and sometimes impossible. So it becomes a need to generate power at a level and to transmit it to other stations at a higher level and distribute it to consumers at different levels on the voltage level of their need.
So at every step whether voltage level should have to be increased or decreased we need a transformer. So the role of transformer in the transmission and distribution of electric power is very important.
The electric power is generated at a level of 12-15 KV and is stepped up to 220 KV or higher levels with the help of step up transformer. At the distribution stations it is stepped down to a lower level 66 KV and send to substations and then further decreasing to 11 KV and 400V it is divided between consumers with the help of stepdown transformer.
So transformer has become a necessity due to its important role in power transmission and distribution.
Transformer -In General
Transformer is basically a static device which is defined as a device which can step up or step down the voltage level of A.C. applied to its primary. If the transformer is step up then the voltage on secondary terminals will be high and if the transformer is stepdown then the voltage level on secondary terminals will be low. Any winding can be considered secondary and primary so any transformer may behave as stepup or step down transformer but it is possible only theoretically it is not possible practically on the behalf of insulation reasons. So transformers are wound for different types and for different voltage levels. For stepping up or down a voltage a suitable transformer should be choosed.
As said earlier transformer is a static device. In the construction of it we have a core which is made up of steel sheet stampings these stampings are cut into many steps such as i.e. etc. and are them assembled to have the complete core. On this core the secondary and primary windings are wound. Both the windings are insulated from each other as well as from the core. The no. of turns of primary and secondary coils determines whether it is step up transformer or step down transformer. For stepup transformer secondary no. of turns should be more as compared to primary. For step down transformer these should be less.
Now these windings on the transformer are immersed in the tank which is the mainbody of the transformer. The tank is filled with oil and provided with fins for cooling.
The transformer oil gives two fold results. It cools the windings and insulate the winding from the main tank body. The primary and secondary terminals are made ready with the help of bushings.
Now when the voltage is given to the primary winding of the transformer a flux gets produced, this flux alternating in nature follows a path on the core and get linked to the secondary winding hence a voltage is generated at the secondary winding.
So a transformer is based on FARADAYS LAWS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.
The voltage generated on the secondary depends on the secondary and primary no. of turns.
N2/N1 = V2/V1 = I1/I2 = K
Here N is no of turns, V is voltage I is current. 1 and 2 denotes primary & secondary windings respectively. K is called transformation ratio. For the value of K>1 transformer is step-up type and for K
